Скачать книгу - Superconductivity Begins with H

This iconoclastic book proposes that superconductivity is misunderstood in contemporary science and that this hampers scientific and technological development. Superconductivity is the ability of some metals to carry electric current without resistance at very low temperatures. Properly understanding superconductivity would facilitate finding materials that superconduct at room temperature, providing great benefits to society.The conventional BCS theory of superconductivity, developed in 1957 and awarded the Nobel Prize in 1972, is generally believed to fully explain the lower temperature 'conventional superconductors' but not the more recently discovered 'high temperature superconductors', for which the charge carriers are positive holes rather than negative electrons. Instead, this book proposes the holistic view that holes are responsible for superconductivity in all materials. It explains in simple terms how the most fundamental property of all superconductors, that they expel H-fields (the Meissner effect), can be understood with hole carriers and cannot be explained by BCS. It describes the historical development of the conventional theory and why it went astray, and credits pre-BCS researchers for important insights that were forgotten after BCS but are in fact relevant for the proper understanding of superconductivity.Contents: <ul><li>Overview of Supercoductivity:<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Bird's Eye View of Superconductivity: Heroes and Villains</li><li>Bird's Eye View of Superconducting Materials</li><li>BCS and Hubbard: Theories of Superconductivity That Don't Explain It</li><li>Electrons and Holes in Solids:: The Key to Superconductivity</li></ul></li><li>The Key Questions That Need to be Answered:<ul><li>The Simplest Question in Superconductivity, That BCS Doesn't Answer</li><li>Meissner Effect and London Theory</li><li>Essential Points of BCS, and Why It Doesn't Explain the Meissner Effect</li><li>The Meissner Effect in More Detail</li><li>The Key to the Meissner Effect: Charge Expulsion</li></ul></li><li>Conventional Theory and the New Materials:<ul><li>Theories of Superconductivity Before BCS, That Explain More than BCS</li><li>Phonons and the Beginning of Obscurantism</li><li>Herbert Fröhlich's Deception and Its Consequences</li><li>1957–1980: The Golden Age of BCS Theory</li><li>Holes in Cuprates and Other Materials</li></ul></li><li>Electron–Hole Asymmetry and Its Consequences:<ul><li>The Fundamental Asymmetry Between Electrons and Holes</li><li>Superconductors as 'Giant Atoms'</li><li>Holes, Charge Expulsion and Internal Electric Field</li><li>Mesoscopic Orbits and Spin Currents</li><li>Kinetic or Potential Energy? Liquid Helium Provides the Answer</li></ul></li><li>Answers to the Key Questions and Conclusions:<ul><li>Spinning Superconductors and Ice Skaters: The Smoking Gun</li><li>The Meissner Effect Explained (Almost All)</li><li>The Secret of the Holes</li><li>BCS versus Hubbard versus Holes</li><li>How to Find and Not Find High Temperature Superconductors</li></ul></li></ul> Readership: Undergraduates, graduates, research professionals and the general public interested in superconductivity.Hole Superconductivity;Meissner Effect;BCS Theory;Alfven's Theorem;H-index0Key Features:<ul><li>There is no other book that explains superconductivity the way this book does. This book addresses and answers the simplest and most fundamental questions about superconductivity: how does a supercurrent start and stop? How is momentum conservation satisfied, and how is Faraday's law not violated? How does a rotating superconductor generate a magnetic field defying the law of inertia? Other books on superconductivity don't even mention these basic questions, because the conventional theory has no answers for them</li><li>Other existing books on superconductivity require advanced scientific training and yet do not correctly explain their basic physics. Or, they give a superficial qualitative overview of superconductors without explaining how they work. This book provides a unified understanding of all superconducting materials, unlike all other books on superconductivity that make a sharp distinction between 'conventional' and 'unconventional' superconductors</li><li>The book's author, Jorge E. Hirsch, is a renowned expert in the field of condensed matter physics, having published over 250 articles on the subject. He has developed the theory of 'hole superconductivity', the focus of this book, over the last 30 years and published over 100 scientific articles on it. He is also the inventor of the H-index, a bibliometric measure of scientific achievement that is used world-wide across scientific disciplines which, he admits in this book, fails to identify high scientific achievement in the field of superconductivity. His H-index is 58</li></ul>

Superconductivity in Nanowires. Fabrication and Quantum Transport

Автор: Alexey Bezryadin

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The importance and actuality of nanotechnology is unabated and will be for years to come. A main challenge is to understand the various properties of certain nanostructures, and how to generate structures with specific properties for use in actual applications in Electrical Engineering and Medicine. One of the most important structures are nanowires, in particular superconducting ones. They are highly promising for future electronics, transporting current without resistance and at scales of a few nanometers. To fabricate wires to certain defined standards however, is a major challenge, and so is the investigation and understanding of these properties in the first place. A promising approach is to use carbon nanotubes as well as DNA structures as templates. Many fundamental theoretical questions are still unanswered, e.g. related to the role of quantum fluctuations. This work is tackling them and provides a detailed analysis of the transport properties of such ultrathin wires. It presents an account of theoretical models, charge transport experiments, and also conveys the latest experimental findings regarding fabrication, measurements, and theoretical analysis. In particular, it is the only available resource for the approach of using DNA and carbon nanotubes for nanowire fabrication. It is intended for graduate students and young researchers interested in nanoscale superconductivity. The readers are assumed to have knowledge of the basics of quantum mechanics and superconductivity.

Discovering Superconductivity. An Investigative Approach

Автор: Gren Ireson

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Superconductivity is a quantum phenomenon that manifests itself in materials showing zero electrical resistance below a characteristic temperature resulting in the potential for an electric current to run continually through such a material without the need for a power source. Such materials are used extensively in medical and power applications, e.g. MRI and NMR machines. Discovering Superconductivity uses a series of practical and investigative activities, which can be used as tutor demonstrations or as student lab exercises. This highly illustrated text features the following sections: Introduction – including a brief history of superconductivity Superconductivity – an explanation of the phenomenon and its effects Superconducting materials – including High & Low temperature superconductors Applications – how superconductivity is used in medical imaging, at CERN and in the Maglev trains This text will serve as an excellent introduction for students, with or without a physics background, to superconductivity. With a strong practical, experimental emphasis, it provides readers with an overview of the topic preparing them for more advanced texts used in advanced undergraduate and post-graduate courses. PowerPoint files of the figures presented within this text are available at: booksupport.wiley.com A word from the author: «The intention of this text is to introduce the reader to the study of superconductivity via a minds-on approach .... The minds-on approach takes this a stage further by requiring the learner to engage with the process to a greater extent.»

Introduction to superfluidity and superconductivity

Автор: С. А. Рябчун

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These notes have appeared as a result of a one-term course in superfluidity and superconductivity given by the author to fourth-year undergraduate students and first-year graduate students of the Department of Physics, Moscow State University of Education. The goal was not to give a detailed picture of these two macroscopic quantum phenomena with an extensive coverage of the experimental background and all the modern developments, but rather to show how the knowledge of undergraduate quantum mechanics and statistical physics could be used to discuss the basic concepts and simple problems, and draw parallels between superconductivity and superfluidity.

Mr Doubler Begins Again

Автор: Seni Glaister

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‘Perfect for fans of Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine’Hello!‘Extremely charming’ Marian KeyesNot every journey takes you far from home…Mr Doubler is an expert in many things. He can bake the fluffiest lemon drizzle cake, distil divine gin, and grow perfect potatoes. But when it comes to company, he’s not so confident. Since he lost his wife, he’s been living on his own on top of a hill, with just one regular visitor: his housekeeper, Mrs Millwood, who visits every day.Until the day she doesn’t.With Mrs Millwood missing, Doubler’s routine is thrown into chaos – and he begins to worry that he might have lost his way. But could the kindness of strangers bring him down from the hill?Mr Doubler Begins Again is a nostalgic celebration of food, friendship, kindness, and second chances, perfect for fans of Rachel Joyce and Joanna Cannon.Readers love Mr Doubler Begins Again:‘Poignant and thought-provoking’ Bee‘Wise, clever and beautifully written’ MoziDogReads‘An adorable, heart-warming and amusing story… A breath of fresh air’ Cheryl‘Seni Glaister’s writing is beautiful, so lyrical, so thoughtful and so deep… I feel like every single word matters in this book’ Nicola‘Uplifting, amusing and engaging… A treat to read’ Jenny H‘A brilliant read. Did not wish it to end’ Biren‘This book was a sheer delight to read’ Whispering Stories Blog ‘A wonderfully touching, funny and inspiring book’ Karen

Where the Past Begins: A Writer’s Memoir

Автор: Amy Tan

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In Where the Past Begins, bestselling author of The Joy Luck Club and The Valley of Amazement Amy Tan is at her most intimate in revealing the truths and inspirations that underlie her extraordinary fiction. By delving into vivid memories of her traumatic childhood, confessions of self-doubt in her journals, and heartbreaking letters to and from her mother, she gives evidence to all that made it both unlikely and inevitable that she would become a writer. Through spontaneous storytelling, she shows how a fluid fictional state of mind unleashed near-forgotten memories that became the emotional nucleus of her novels.Tan explores shocking truths uncovered by family memorabilia – the real reason behind an I.Q. test she took at age six, why her parents lied about their education, mysteries surrounding her maternal grandmother – and, for the first time publicly, writes about her complex relationship with her father, who died when she was fifteen. Supplied with candour and characteristic humour, Where the Past Begins takes readers into the idiosyncratic workings of her writer's mind, a journey that explores memory, imagination, and truth, with fiction serving as both her divining rod and link to meaning.