Найти книгу: "Understanding Oil Prices. A Guide to What Drives the Price of Oil in Today's Markets"

It’s a fair bet that most of what you think you know about oil prices is wrong. Despite the massive price fluctuations of the past decade, the received wisdom on the subject has remained fundamentally unchanged since the 1970s. When asked, most people – including politicians, financial analysts and pundits – will respond with a tired litany of reasons ranging from increased Chinese and Indian competition for diminishing resources and tensions in the Middle East, to manipulation by OPEC and exorbitant petrol taxes in the EU. Yet the facts belie these explanations. For instance, what really happened in late 2008 when, in just a few weeks, oil prices plummeted from $144 dollars to $37 dollars a barrel? Did Chinese and Indian demand suddenly dry up? Did Middle East conflicts magically resolve themselves? Did OPEC flood the market with crude? In each case the answer is a definitive no – quite the opposite in fact. Industry expert Salvatore Carollo explains that the truth behind today’s increasingly volatile oil market is that over the past two decades oil prices have come untethered from all classical notions of supply and demand and have transcended any country’s, consortium’s, cartel’s, or corporate entity’s powers to control them. At play is a subtler, more complex game than most analysts realise (or are unwilling to admit to), a very dangerous game involving runaway financial speculation, self-defeating government policymaking and a concerted disinvestment in refinery capacity among the oil majors. In Understanding Oil Prices Carollo identifies the key players in this dangerous game, exploring their competing interests and motivations, their moves and countermoves. Beginning with the1976 oil embargo and moving through the 1986 Chernobyl incident, the implementation of the US Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, and the precipitous expansion of the oil futures market since the turn of the century, he traces the vast structural changes which have occurred within the oil industry over the past four decades, identifying their economic, social and geopolitical drivers, and analysing their fallout in the global economy. He explores the oil industry’s decision to scale down refining capacity in the face of increasing demand and the effects of global shortages of petrol, diesel, jet fuel, fuel oil, chemical feedstocks, lubricants and other essential finished products, and describes how, beginning in the year 2000, the oil futures market detached itself almost completely from the crude market, leading to the assetization of oil, and the crippling impact reckless speculation in oil futures has had on the global economy. Finally he proposes new, more sophisticated models that economists and financial analysts can use to make sense of today’s oil market, while offering industry leaders and government policymakers prescriptions for stabilising the market to ensure a relatively steady flow of affordable oil. A concise, authoritative guide to understanding the complex, oft misunderstood oil markets, Understanding Oil Prices is an important resource for energy market participants, commodity traders and investors, as well as business journalists and government policymakers alike.

Planning, preparing, scheduling, and executing SAP test cycles is a time-consuming and resource-intensive endeavor that requires participation from several project members. SAP projects are prone to have informal, ad-hoc test approaches that decrease the stability of the production environment and tend to increase the cost of ownership for the SAP system. Many SAP project and test managers cannot provide answers for questions such as how many requirements have testing coverage, the exit criteria for a test phase, the audit trails for test results, the dependencies and correct sequence for executing test cases, or the cost figures for a previously executed test cycle. Fortunately, through established testing techniques predicated on guidelines and methodologies (i.e., ASAP SAP Roadmap methodology, IBM’s Ascendant methodology, and Deloitte’s ThreadManager methodology), enforcement of standards, application of objective testing criteria, test case automation, implementation of a requirements traceability matrix (RTM), and independent testing and formation of centralized test teams, many of the testing risks that plague existing or initial SAP programs can be significantly reduced. This book is written for SAP managers, SAP consultants, SAP testers, and team leaders who are tasked with supporting, managing, implementing, and monitoring testing activities related to test planning, test design, test automation, test tool management, execution of test cases, reporting of test results, test outsourcing, planning a budget for testing activities, enforcing testing standards, and resolving defects.

Two new Oracle instruction and resource titles from Osborne/McGraw-Hill are indispensable additions to personal and professional reference collections. Oracle Database 10g: A Beginner's Guide is the collective effort of Oracle experts Ian Abramson, Michael Abbey and Michael Corey. Oracle Database 10g provides neophytes with the fundamental concepts of Oracle Database 10g administration and programming. Through self-paced tutorials, readers will learn about database essentials, the role of the administrator, and large database features. Oracle Database 10g includes an in-depth introduction to SQL, PL/SQL, Java, and XML programming.

Инструкция по ремонту и обслуживанию моделей Fiat Tipo и Tempra. Дано описание всех узлов и агрегатов и советы по их эксплуатации и техобслуживанию. Чертежи, таблицы и схемы электрооборудования. Fiat Tipo - автомобиль итальянской компании Фиат. Был разработан дизайн студией IDEA. Выпускался с 1988 года по 1996 год.

Content

Introduction

• Body / frame and body structure
• General information about replacing body panels
• Safety first

Maintenance

• Caring for paint
• Recovery
• Antirust treatment and priming

Overview of damage types and their recovery

• Determination of severity of damage
• The choice between repair and replacement

Tools and equipment

• Tools and equipment
• Equipment

Elimination of minor body damage

• Eliminating scratches from paintwork
• Elimination of minor dents
• Restoration of areas exposed to minor corrosion
• Repair of plastic body parts

Restoring a body that has serious damage

• Types of tin work
• Putties
• Correction of significant corrosion damage
• Glass fiber recovery methods
• Correcting the stiffness of the bearing body by stretching

Replacement of body panels

• Introduction
• Body parts fastened on bolts
• Welded panels
• Adhesive body elements
• Coupling of body panels

Preparing for painting

• Preparation of old paint
• Removing paintwork preparing for painting
• Application of primer
• Masking panels

Body painting

• Painting equipment
• Maintenance of the spray gun
• Types of paint
• Staining procedure
• Prophylaxis and a technique of elimination of the defects arising at painting and drying

Doors and glasses

• Replacement and adjustment of doors
• Repair, replacement and installation of glasses

Facing and body accessories

• General information
• Removing and installing body linings and accessories
• Removing and installing outdoor lighting
• Removing and installing emblems and moldings

Welding

• General information
• Types of welding
• Welding with a consumable electrode in shielding gas
• Oxygen-acetylene welding
• Soldering

A dictionary of terms used in the performance of body repair

Content

Introduction

• Definition of the welding process
• Development of modern welding
• Welding these days

Types of welding

• How it works
• Metal alloys
• Oxygen-acetylene welding
• Electric arc welding
• Apparatuses for arc welding with a consumable electrode in an inert gas environment
• Arc welding with tungsten electrode in an inert gas environment
• Work cycles
• Plasma welding and cutting
• Practice and training

Oxygen-acetylene welding / cutting

• Basics of gas welding technology
• Equipment
• Getting Started with oxygen-acetylene welding equipment
• Flame adjustment
• Gas welding
• Welding with filler rod
• Inspection of welds
• Soldering
• Oxygen-acetylene cutting
• Heating with an oxygen-acetylene burner

Electric arc welding

• Comparison of work cycles
• Units working on AC, DC or universal?
• Arc welding technology
• Precautions
• Start of electric arc welding
• Connection types
• Electrode selection

Welding with a metal electrode in an inert gas environment

• Acquisition of aggregates for welding with a metal electrode in an inert gas environment
• Selection of shielding gas
• Selecting a wire electrode
• Welding training with a metal electrode in an inert gas environment

Welding with a tungsten electrode in an inert gas environment

• Equipment
• Technology in action
• Aluminum welding with tungsten electrode in an inert gas environment

Plasma welding / cutting

• Plasma welding
• Plasma cutting
• Selection of equipment for plasma cutting
• Using plasma cutting

Safety and equipment for the workshop Making a truck trailer to a car

Glossary of terms related to welding