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Gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).

Featuring authors from academia as well as industry, this book provides a broad view of carbohydrates influencing digestive health. Part 1 is a general overview of carbohydrates that function as prebiotics or fermentable carbohydrates. Part 2 is a more in depth examination of specific carbohydrates for digestive health and applications. This book provides an in-depth review and thorough foundation for food scientists, product developers and nutrition scientists seeking to understand the digestive health implications of carbohydrates. Key features: Analyzes the most active fields of research currently performed on nondigestible carbohydrates Focuses on the growing opportunity to deliver digestive health benefits through fibers and other novel carbohydrates Authors include highly recognized researchers from academe and industry experts Explores new possibilities in prebiotics and fermentable carbohydrates

Closing a gap in the literature, this comprehensive book presents the utility of carbohydrate derivatives as chiral auxiliaries, reagents, complex ligands and organocatalysts, together with details of their preparation, as well as their successful application in stereoselective synthesis. Divided into four parts: * Carbohydrate Auxiliaries * Carbohydrate Reagents * Carbohydrate Ligands * Carbohydrate Organocatalysts It is an indispensable source for every organic chemist.

Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).

Carbohydrates are widely distributed in nature and widely available, and so are considered as a promising feedstock for the preparation of many organic chemical compounds. They are particularly useful in the preparation of nitrogen heterocycles because of their related structural characteristics and easy availability. Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Nitrogen Heterocycles from Carbohydrates will review the recent literature dealing with use of carbohydrates as raw materials in the synthesis of these materials. The text contains six chapters arranged according to the complexity of the heterocyclic compounds discussed, ranging from five to seven membered rings and from single to multiple fused rings. The book provides a detailed discussion of the various synthetic approaches to these compounds, using carbohydrate starting materials, and does not merely reference synthetic methodology but attempts to give as much detail as possible on the actual experimental conditions used, in such a way that the chemist can use the information directly to design a multi-step synthesis. It discusses the different approaches to the synthesis of a wide range of naturally occurring nitrogen heterocycles in a format that enables the reader to make comparisons and decisions on whether to use a certain procedure, to modify it, or to devise a new synthetic methodology.

This volume is the continuation of a successful bookseries devoted to an increasingly vital subject: the utilization of carbohydrates as chemical raw materials. Sixteen contributions present an overview of current research thereby covering several new topics which were not dealt with in the preceeding volumes: – production and use of inulin – lactose: its manufacture and physico-chemical properties – lactic acid production and utilization – bulking agents: polydextrose – alkyl polyglucoside, a carbohydrate-based surfactant As more than sixty percent of the authors come from industry, this volume is the most practice-oriented of the series. Thus, this book will be a valuable tool for young as well as for experienced researchers working in the challenging field of upgrading renewable resources.