Найти книгу: "Clan Cleansing in Somalia"

In 1991, certain political and military leaders in Somalia, wishing to gain exclusive control over the state, mobilized their followers to use terror—wounding, raping, and killing—to expel a vast number of Somalis from the capital city of Mogadishu and south-central and southern Somalia. Manipulating clan sentiment, they succeeded in turning ordinary civilians against neighbors, friends, and coworkers. Although this episode of organized communal violence is common knowledge among Somalis, its real nature has not been publicly acknowledged and has been ignored, concealed, or misrepresented in scholarly works and political memoirs—until now. Marshaling a vast amount of source material, including Somali poetry and survivor accounts, Clan Cleansing in Somalia analyzes this campaign of clan cleansing against the historical background of a violent and divisive military dictatorship, in the contemporary context of regime collapse, and in relationship to the rampant militia warfare that followed in its wake. Clan Cleansing in Somalia also reflects on the relationship between history, truth, and postconflict reconstruction in Somalia. Documenting the organization and intent behind the campaign of clan cleansing, Lidwien Kapteijns traces the emergence of the hate narratives and code words that came to serve as rationales and triggers for the violence. However, it was not clans that killed, she insists, but people who killed in the name of clan. Kapteijns argues that the mutual forgiveness for which politicians often so lightly call is not a feasible proposition as long as the violent acts for which Somalis should forgive each other remain suppressed and undiscussed. Clan Cleansing in Somalia establishes that public acknowledgment of the ruinous turn to communal violence is indispensable to social and moral repair, and can provide a gateway for the critical memory work required from Somalis on all sides of this multifaceted conflict.

In 1991 the Somali state collapsed. Once heralded as the only true nation-state in Africa, the Somalia of the 1990s suffered brutal internecine warfare. At the same time a politically created famine caused the deaths of a half a million people and the flight of a million refugees. During the civil war, scholarly and popular analyses explained Somalia's disintegration as the result of ancestral hatreds played out in warfare between various clans and subclans. In Unraveling Somalia , Catherine Besteman challenges this view and argues that the actual pattern of violence—inflicted disproportionately on rural southerners—contradicts the prevailing model of ethnic homogeneity and clan opposition. She contends that the dissolution of the Somali nation-state can be understood only by recognizing that over the past century and a half there emerged in Somalia a social order based on principles other than simple clan organization—a social order deeply stratified on the basis of race, status, class, region, and language.

The Mayr program, developed by the Austrian physician Dr. Franz Xaver Mayr (1875-1965), is an intensive regime lasting several weeks. It includes therapeutic fasts to rest the digestive tract, and it features a special diet to train proper mastication. This diet program is complemented with abdominal massage, hydrotherapy, and exercise. By following the F. X. Mayr method, patients can rejuvenate their dietary system and eliminate a whole host of ailmentsa€”from aches and pains, to depression, fatigue, and serious cardiac disorders. At the same time, they can reduce weight, improve their skin, and boost their sense of well-being. The author Dr. Erich Rauch was a personal student of Dr. F. X. Mayr. Over decades he supervised more than 40,000 Mayr therapies. For the practitioner as well as the patient in the clinic, his in-depth guide is the leading authority on the F. X. Mayr method. As a companion book it provides effective support for each stage of this successful therapy.

The Detox Diet Cleansing to a Healthier Lifestyle focuses on a healthy way to get rid of the bad toxins that your body accumulates on a day to day basis The process of detoxification allows your body the chance to reset itself In other words, it gets to work at optimum capacity by expelling toxins and gives your body a new start The great thing that makes this book different from other books that focus on detox diets is that the author offers viable solutions and provides information on what can be consumed during the detox in order to get the best results The process is not about going on a starvation diet as that can do more harm than good The main aim of detoxification is cleansing and this book explains the best way that it can be done

Lowest down on the Failed State Index for five years running, Somalia has been described as 'destroyed', 'stateless' and 'ravaged'. Yet is also a place of promise… In this concise and compelling book, three internationally recognised experts on Africa examine the Somalian crisis. Comparing Somalia to neighbouring Somaliland, from the historical background up to the present, and looking into the effect of international intervention, this book provides an astute, sometimes surprising analysis pointing to the power of local ownership. Authoritative and thought-provoking, with many a lesson for stabilising failed states, Somalia – Fixing Africa's Most Failed State is both timely and useful.