Toppling Foreign Governments
Автор: Melissa Willard-Foster
Год издания: 0000
In 2011, the United States launched its third regime-change attempt in a decade. Like earlier targets, Libya's Muammar Qaddafi had little hope of defeating the forces stacked against him. He seemed to recognize this when calling for a cease-fire just after the intervention began. But by then, the United States had determined it was better to oust him than negotiate and thus backed his opposition. The history of foreign-imposed regime change is replete with leaders like Qaddafi, overthrown after wars they seemed unlikely to win. From the British ouster of Afghanistan's Sher Ali in 1878 to the Soviet overthrow of Hungary's Imre Nagy in 1956, regime change has been imposed on the weak and the friendless. In Toppling Foreign Governments , Melissa Willard-Foster explores the question of why stronger nations overthrow governments when they could attain their aims at the bargaining table. She identifies a central cause—the targeted leader's domestic political vulnerability—that not only gives the leader motive to resist a stronger nation's demands, making a bargain more difficult to attain, but also gives the stronger nation reason to believe that regime change will be comparatively cheap. As long as the targeted leader's domestic opposition is willing to collaborate with the foreign power, the latter is likely to conclude that ousting the leader is more cost effective than negotiating. Willard-Foster analyzes 133 instances of regime change, ranging from covert operations to major military invasions, and spanning over two hundred years. She also conducts three in-depth case studies that support her contention that domestically and militarily weak leaders appear more costly to coerce than overthrow and, as long as they remain ubiquitous, foreign-imposed regime change is likely to endure.
The Bulgarian Language in Practice: A Basic Course in Contemporary Bulgarian as a Foreign Language
Автор: Eleonora Ivanova
Год издания:
Начальный курс болгарского языка для иностранцев, включающий в себя 25 уроков (с текстами, диалогами, грамматическими комментариями и упражнениями), приложения и словарь. В приложениях содержатся тексты для дополнительной работы, краткий справочник по морфологии, а также иллюстрированную подборку бытовой лексики по ряду тем.
Аудиоматериалы записаны болгарскими дикторами и актерами без использования английского языка.
Все тексты звучат в естественном темпе, с безупречными произношением и интонацией.
The foreign quarterly review. Vol. 2. № 3
Автор: Группа авторов
Год издания:
Полный вариант заголовка: «The foreign quarterly review : Vol. 2. No. 3 : published in February & June, 1828».
The foreign quarterly review. Vol. 3. № 5
Автор: Группа авторов
Год издания:
Полный вариант заголовка: «The foreign quarterly review : Vol. 3. No. 5 : published in September, 1828, and January, 1829».
Gobbledegook. Foreignisms in English. Абракадабра. Иностранные идиомы в английском языке
Автор: Л. Ф. Шитова
Год издания:
Очередная книга серии англо-русских тематических фразеологических словарей знакомит читателя с иностранными заимствованиями, пришедшими за многовековую историю в английский язык из латыни, французского, итальянского, немецкого, шведского, китайского, русского и других языков. 200 идиоматических выражений сопровождаются информацией об их происхождении, значении и употреблении.