Найти книгу: "Ultracold Neutrons"

Ultracold Neutrons is a guide to a fascinating topic. It describes how a simple new idea in experimental neutron physics has changed the landscape of what is often called 'fundamental physics.' Ultracold neutrons (UCNs) are neutrons moving at the low speed of a bicycle rider. They were produced for the first time 50 years ago (in 1968) and are distinguished from ordinary neutrons with much higher energies by their ability to be confined in 'neutron bottles' for durations up to several hundred seconds. This is possible since they are reflected back and forth from the container walls many thousands of times with very little loss. As a result of these long observation times, their properties and interactions with the environment can be studied with superb precision.Directed towards a general readership, this book is an excellent introduction to a field of research that is not highly specialized but touches on many aspects of our physical world, classical as well as quantum mechanical.<b>Contents:</b> <ul><li>Introduction</li><li>The Early History of Very Low Energy Neutrons</li><li>Neutron Interactions Relevant in the UCN Energy Range</li><li>Sources of Ultracold Neutrons</li><li>Total Cross-Section Measurements with Very Low Energy Neutrons</li><li>UCN and VCN Reflection, Transmission and Scattering at Material Walls</li><li>Neutron Optical Experiments Probing the Wave Properties of Ultracold Neutrons</li><li>High-Resolution UCN Spectroscopy</li><li>Possibility of Microscopy and Interferometry with Ultracold Neutrons</li><li>Gravitational Quantum States of the Neutron</li><li>Measurement of the Neutron Lifetime for Beta Decay</li><li>Search for the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron Using Stored Ultracold Neutrons</li><li>Further UCN Applications in Fundamental Physics</li><li>Appendices</li></ul><br><b>Readership:</b> General audience with interest in fundamental physics. Undergraduate and graduate students fresh to the field of ultracold neutrons (UCNs), interested in experimental techniques and challenges in UCNs. Researchers in the aforementioned field.Ultracold Neutrons;Neutron Scattering;Beta Decay;Neutron Lifetime;Neutron Electric Dipole Moment;Gravitational Neutron States;Symmetries0<b>Key Features:</b><ul><li>There are very few books on the topic and they are all very old</li><li>The new book not only includes the extensive work performed during the decades since these earlier publications but is designed to appeal also to a science-oriented general audience as well as to students</li></ul>

Arising from a workshop, this book surveys the physics of ultracold atoms and molecules taking into consideration the latest research on ultracold phenomena, such as Bose Einstein condensation and quantum computing. Several reputed authors provide an introduction to the field, covering recent experimental results on atom and molecule cooling as well as the theoretical treatment.

Neutron and synchrotron facilities, which are beyond the scale of the laboratory, and supported on a national level in countries throughout the world. These tools for probing micro- and nano-structure research and on fast dynamics research of atomic location in materials have been key in the development of new polymer-based materials. Different from several existing professional books on neutron science, this book focuses on theory, instrumentation, an applications. The book is divided into five parts: Part 1 describes the underlying theory of neutron scattering. Part 2 describes the various instruments that exist and the various techniques used to achieve neutron scattering or bombardment. Part 3 discusses data treatment and simulation methods as well as how to assess the environment of the sample (temperature, pressure, shear, and external fields). Part 4 addresses the myriad applications of small and large molecules, biomolecules, and gels. Part 5 describes the various global neutron sources that exist and provides an overview of the different reactors.

Besides its coverage of the four important aspects of synchrotron sources, materials and material processes, measuring techniques, and applications, this ready reference presents both important method types: diffraction and tomography. Following an introduction, a general section leads on to methods, while further sections are devoted to emerging methods and industrial applications. In this way, the text provides new users of large-scale facilities with easy access to an understanding of both the methods and opportunities offered by different sources and instruments.